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They may continue through to loss of consciousness, an inability to breathe, and even death if the individual does not receive treatment. The symptoms may progress gradually, starting with drowsiness and pinpoint pupils that do not react to light. inability to speak or otherwise respond.a purple or blue tinge to the fingernails or lips.an extremely pale face that may feel clammy.Therefore, if any of the following signs of an overdose are present, it is essential to call 911:

If someone overdoses on opioids, it is a medical emergency that can have lethal consequences. Opioids can cause effects such as drowsiness, mental fog, and digestive system upset. The long-term use of opioids can cause more severe issues, such as eye infections that can lead to pain, photophobia, and vision loss. The pupil becomes smaller when the circular iris sphincter muscle contracts under parasympathetic nervous system controls.Īdditionally, eye movement abnormalities may occur with opioid use, and the person’s eyelids may droop because of drowsiness. Opioids stimulate the parasympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system and constrict rather than dilate the pupils. It contains the sympathetic nervous system, which stimulates bodily functions, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which slows down various functions.

The autonomic nervous system: This system is not under voluntary control.

The somatosensory nervous system: This system is under the voluntary control of the individual and includes nerves attached to skeletal muscles.

The peripheral nervous system has two divisions: When opioids enter an individual’s system, they attach to opioid receptors in the brain and change how the entire nervous system works.ĭoctors usually divide the human nervous system into the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which is the network of nerves outside the CNS. When someone uses opioids, their pupils constrict as their body responds to the drug, and they may no longer change in response to light. Pupillary constriction, or miosis, is an indicator of opioid use. Share on Pinterest Joana Rodrigues/EyeEm/Getty ImagesĪlthough factors such as low light, stimulatory medications, trauma, migraine, and other factors can cause a person to have dilated, or large, pupils, few things make them small.